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JN0-281 Real Exam Question Answers Updated [Jan 07, 2026]
NEW QUESTION # 75
Which three actions are required to implement filter-based forwarding? (Choose three.)
- A. You must create a match filter.
- B. You must create an instance-type vrf routing instance.
- C. You must create a RIB group.
- D. You must create an instance-type forwarding routing instance.
- E. You must create a security policy.
Answer: A,C,D
Explanation:
Filter-Based Forwarding (FBF) in Junos OS allows traffic to be routed based on specific criteria such as source address, rather than just the destination address. This is useful in scenarios like policy routing or providing multiple paths for different types of traffic. Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Instance-Type Forwarding:
You must create an instance-type forwarding routing instance. This routing instance allows for different routing tables based on the incoming packet filter.
Command:
set routing-instances FBF-instance instance-type forwarding Match Filter:
You need to create a filter to match the traffic that will be forwarded according to your custom routing policy. This filter is applied to an interface to determine which traffic will use the custom forwarding instance.
Command Example:
set firewall family inet filter FBF-filter term 1 from source-address <address> set firewall family inet filter FBF-filter term 1 then routing-instance FBF-instance RIB Group:
A RIB (Routing Information Base) group is necessary to share routes between the primary routing table and the custom routing instance. This allows FBF traffic to use the routing information from other routing tables.
Command Example:
set routing-options rib-groups FBF-group import-rib inet.0
set routing-instances FBF-instance routing-options rib-group FBF-group
Juniper
Reference: FBF Configuration: Filter-based forwarding requires these specific steps to redirect traffic to a custom routing table based on filter criteria.
NEW QUESTION # 76
Which statement is correct about an IRB interface?
- A. An IRB interface switches traffic within the same VLAN.
- B. An IRB interface is a physical Layer 3 interface that connects VLANs together.
- C. An IRB interface trunks together VLANs on different switches.
- D. An IRB interface is a Layer 3 interface that can be used to route between VLANs.
Answer: D
Explanation:
An IRB (Integrated Routing and Bridging) interface provides routing functionality between VLANs at Layer 3, allowing devices in different VLANs to communicate with each other.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
IRB Functionality:
The IRB interface enables routing between different VLANs by acting as a Layer 3 gateway. Traffic within the same VLAN is handled by Layer 2 switching, while traffic between VLANs is routed through the IRB interface.
Layer 3 Routing Between VLANs:
Each VLAN can be assigned an IP address on the IRB interface, which allows traffic to flow between VLANs based on Layer 3 IP routing.
Juniper Reference:
IRB Interface Configuration: Juniper supports IRB for inter-VLAN routing on devices like the EX and QFX series switches, facilitating Layer 3 communication in data centers.
NEW QUESTION # 77
Which statement is correct about per-flow load balancing?
- A. Packets associated with the same flow are sent through different egress ports.
- B. The packets are guaranteed to arrive at their destination in the same order in which they were sent.
- C. Packets associated with the same flow are sent through the same egress port.
- D. The packets are guaranteed to arrive at their destination in a different order in which they were sent.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Per-flow load balancing ensures that packets within the same flow are always forwarded over the same path, ensuring that packet order is preserved.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Flow Definition:
A flow is typically defined by a combination of packet attributes like source/destination IP, source/destination port, and protocol type. Packets that belong to the same flow are routed over the same path to avoid reordering.
Per-Flow Behavior:
In per-flow load balancing, the hashing algorithm ensures that all packets in a particular flow use the same egress port, maintaining order across the network.
Juniper Reference:
Load Balancing in Juniper: This method ensures that flows are balanced across multiple paths while preventing packet reordering within a single flow.
NEW QUESTION # 78
Which type of route is used to represent a summary of multiple smaller networks?
- A. Generated route
- B. Aggregate route
- C. Static route
- D. Dynamic route
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 79
You want to minimize topology disruptions in your network when the rpd process restarts on a device.
Which service would accomplish this task?
- A. Virtual Chassis
- B. link aggregation groups
- C. graceful restart (GR)
- D. Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)
Answer: C
Explanation:
Graceful Restart (GR) is a feature that allows a router to maintain forwarding even when the routing process (e.g., the rpd process in Junos) is restarting, minimizing disruption to the network.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Graceful Restart Function:
During a GR event, the forwarding plane continues to forward packets based on existing routes, while the control plane (rpd process) is restarting. This prevents traffic loss and maintains routing stability. Minimizing Disruptions:
GR is particularly useful in ensuring continuous packet forwarding during software upgrades or routing protocol process restarts.
Juniper
Reference: Graceful Restart in Junos: GR ensures high availability by maintaining forwarding continuity during control plane restarts, enhancing network reliability.
NEW QUESTION # 80
Which statement is correct about a three-stage IP fabric underlay?
- A. Every spine device can communicate directly with other spine devices.
- B. Every leaf device can communicate directly with other leaf devices.
- C. Every ingress interface into the fabric is only two hops away from the egress interface.
- D. Every server that connects to a three-stage IP fabric must be multihomed.
Answer: C
Explanation:
In a three-stage IP fabric (also known as a Clos fabric), traffic between any two points (ingress to egress) in the fabric is only two hops away.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Three-Stage IP Fabric:
Leaf Layer: Leaf switches connect directly to servers and edge devices.
Spine Layer: Spine switches provide connectivity between leaf switches but do not connect to each other directly.
Two-Hop Communication:
In this architecture, every leaf switch is connected to every spine switch. Therefore, when a packet enters the fabric via an ingress leaf switch, it is forwarded to a spine switch, which then directs the packet to the correct egress leaf switch. This path always involves exactly two hops: Ingress leaf → Spine → Egress leaf.
Benefits:
This consistent two-hop path ensures predictable latency and makes the network highly scalable while maintaining low complexity.
Juniper
Reference: IP Fabric Architecture: This two-hop property of Clos fabrics is a hallmark of spine-leaf designs, as supported by Juniper's QFX and EX switches in data centers.
NEW QUESTION # 81
What is the definition of a trunk interface on a switch?
- A. An interface that carries excess traffic.
- B. An interface that connects directly to powerful servers.
- C. An interface that carries multiple VLANs.
- D. An interface that carries high bandwidth.
Answer: C
Explanation:
A trunk interface on a switch is used to carry traffic for multiple VLANs between switches or between a switch and another network device, like a router. Trunk interfaces use 802.1Q tagging to identify which VLAN the traffic belongs to.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Trunk Ports:
Trunk ports are typically used for inter-switch links or switch-to-router links where multiple VLANs need to be carried over the same physical connection.
VLAN traffic is tagged with a VLAN ID to ensure that it is properly identified as it crosses the trunk link.
802.1Q VLAN Tagging:
Trunk ports use 802.1Q to tag Ethernet frames with the VLAN ID. This ensures that frames are correctly forwarded to the appropriate VLANs on the other side of the trunk.
Juniper Reference:
Trunk Interface Configuration: In Juniper switches, trunk ports are configured to carry tagged traffic for multiple VLANs, which is essential for interconnecting multiple network segments.
NEW QUESTION # 82
Referring to the exhibit, which statement is correct?
- A. The asterisk indicates that the interface is active.
- B. The default VLAN is a user defined VLAN name.
- C. The ge-0/0/12 interfaces is an access port.
- D. The ge-0/0/0 interface has been explicitly assigned to a VLAN named default.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 83
What is the first route selection mechanism for IBGP?
- A. local preference
- B. origin
- C. as path
- D. MED
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 84
Which two statements are correct about aggregated Ethernet bundles? (Choose two.)
- A. You must purchase a services license for the chassis to support aggregate Ethernet interfaces.
- B. You must enable the chassis to support aggregated Ethernet interfaces.
- C. You must specify which interfaces are members of a specific aggregated Ethernet bundle.
- D. You must enable LACP when configuring aggregated Ethernet bundles.
Answer: B,C
NEW QUESTION # 85
What does MACsec stand for?
- A. MAC Sublayer Encryption
- B. MAC Security
- C. Media Access Control Sublayer Encryption
- D. Media Access Control Security
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 86
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) is primarily used for:
- A. Aggregating multiple links
- B. Detecting slow links in the network
- C. Encrypting data packets
- D. Quick failure detection in forwarding paths
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 87
What statement is true about load-balancing?
- A. Load balancing is only supported after applying an advanced license.
- B. Load balancing is only supported by dynamic routing protocols.
- C. Load balancing on Juniper devices is processed per-flow.
- D. Load balancing on Juniper devices is processed per-packet.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 88
In Junos, which command is used to display the status of all interfaces?
- A. show interfaces descriptions
- B. show ethernet-switching table
- C. show interfaces terse
- D. show vlan brief
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 89
In the Junos OS, which feature is used to create an alternate next hop with a unique preference for a static route?
- A. Next-hop
- B. Qualified-next-hop
- C. Preference
- D. Resolve
Answer: B
Explanation:
In Junos OS, the qualified-next-hop feature is used to specify an alternate next hop for a static route, along with a unique preference value.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Qualified-Next-Hop:
A qualified-next-hop allows you to define multiple next hops for a static route, each with its own preference. This provides flexibility by allowing the router to choose the best available next hop based on reachability and preference.
Use Case:
If the primary next hop becomes unreachable, the router can automatically switch to the alternate next hop defined by the qualified-next-hop with a higher preference value.
Command Example:
set routing-options static route 10.10.10.0/24 qualified-next-hop 192.168.1.1 preference 5 set routing-options static route 10.10.10.0/24 qualified-next-hop 192.168.1.2 preference 10 Preference:
The next hop with the lowest preference is chosen first. If it becomes unavailable, the router will use the higher preference next hop.
Juniper
Reference: Qualified-Next-Hop: This feature is used to configure backup or alternate next hops for static routes in Juniper devices.
NEW QUESTION # 90
Exhibit:
Referring to the exhibit, what is the route preference of the 172.25.11.254 next hop?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: A
Explanation:
In the exhibit, we see two next-hop addresses for the default static route (0.0.0.0/0):
The first next hop is 172.25.11.254, with no specified preference.
The second next hop is 172.25.11.200, with a specified preference of 140.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Default Static Route Preference:
If no preference is explicitly set for a next hop in Junos, it defaults to 5 for static routes.
Determining Preference:
In this case, the next hop 172.25.11.254 does not have an explicit preference defined, so it will use the default value of 5. The second next hop has a preference of 140, which is higher, meaning it will only be used if the primary next hop is unavailable.
Juniper Reference:
Static Route Preference: In Junos, the default preference for static routes is 5, and this value is applied unless overridden by the preference parameter.
NEW QUESTION # 91
Exhibit:
R2 received an OSPF update from R1, and it received the same update from R3.
Referring to the exhibit, what will R2 do?
- A. R2 acknowledges R3 and discards it.
- B. R2 ignores the update from R3.
- C. R2 ignores the update from R1.
- D. R2 does nothing with R3's update.
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the exhibit, R2 receives the same OSPF update from both R1 and R3. OSPF has mechanisms to prevent unnecessary processing of duplicate LSAs (Link-State Advertisements).
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
OSPF LSA Processing:
OSPF uses LSAs to exchange link-state information between routers. When a router receives an LSA, it checks if it already has a copy of the LSA in its Link-State Database (LSDB).
Duplicate LSAs:
If R2 has already received and processed the update from R1, it will ignore the update from R3 because it already has the same LSA in its database. OSPF uses the concept of flooding, but it does not reprocess LSAs that it already knows about.
R2 Behavior:
R2 will keep the update from R1 (the first one it received) and will ignore the same LSA from R3, as it is already in the LSDB.
Juniper
Reference: OSPF LSA Processing: Junos adheres to OSPF standards, ensuring that duplicate LSAs are not processed multiple times to avoid unnecessary recalculations.
NEW QUESTION # 92
Which OSPF router type connects an OSPF area to non-OSPF networks?
- A. Internal Router
- B. Backbone Router
- C. Area Border Router (ABR)
- D. Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR)
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 93
You are configuring an aggregate route. In this scenario, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. Reject will silently drop the traffic.
- B. Discard will send an ICMP Destination Unreachable message back to the sender.
- C. Reject will send an ICMP Destination Unreachable message back to the sender.
- D. Discard will silently drop the traffic.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
When configuring an aggregate route, you have options for how to handle traffic that matches the route but does not match any more specific route in the routing table. Two actions can be taken: discard and reject.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Discard:
The discard option will silently drop packets that match the aggregate route. No notification is sent to the sender, and the packet is simply dropped.
Reject:
The reject option will drop the packet and also send an ICMP Destination Unreachable message back to the sender. This informs the sender that the packet could not be delivered because there is no specific route available.
Juniper Reference:
Aggregate Routes: The reject and discard next-hop options provide different levels of feedback when packets cannot be routed, and they can be used to control how unreachable destinations are handled.
NEW QUESTION # 94
Which two statement are correct about trunk ports? (Choose two.)
- A. Trunk ports typically connect to other switches and routers.
- B. Trunk ports typically connect to end users and servers.
- C. By default, trunk ports can transmit and receive VLAN tagged traffic.
- D. By default, trunk ports can transmit and receive untagged traffic.
Answer: A,C
NEW QUESTION # 95
In the context of protocol-independent routing, what is the main difference between static and generated routes?
- A. Static routes require manual configuration, while generated routes are created dynamically.
- B. Generated routes are manually configured, while static routes are automatically created.
- C. Generated routes support summarization, while static routes do not.
- D. Static routes are used for load balancing, while generated routes are not.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 96
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